Important things to revise for test on 15th June

Chapter 4 - 4 Transport

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="3" |
 * +Chapter 3 - 1 What is housing shortage?

Lack of safe shelter
zinc
 * 1.
 * Not protected from weather elements
 * People without shelters are not protected from bad weather elements such as strong winds and low temperatures
 * 2.
 * Houses in slums have weak foundations
 * Their houses have unstable walls and roofs made of poor quality materials like
 * Houses in slums have weak foundations
 * Their houses have unstable walls and roofs made of poor quality materials like

cardboard

Such houses collapse easily during a natural disaster, such as a flood or earthquake. ! colspan="3" |
 * 3.
 * Vulnerable to fire
 * Construction materials used in slums, such as wood, zinc and cardboard catch fire easily. Houses are not fireproofed and are densely packed together, making the slum prone to a fire outbreak. During a fire, residents of the slums risk losing their property and personal belongings
 * 4.
 * Inaccessible
 * The houses in a slum are built in a dense and disorderly manner. There are narrow paths with limited access for vehicles. During emergencies such as fires or earthquakes, the residents may not be able to evacuate quickly and rescue efforts are also hampered.
 * Inaccessible
 * The houses in a slum are built in a dense and disorderly manner. There are narrow paths with limited access for vehicles. During emergencies such as fires or earthquakes, the residents may not be able to evacuate quickly and rescue efforts are also hampered.

Insufficient basic services

 * 1.
 * lack access to basic services
 * People often lack access to basic services such as electricity, clean water, proper sanitation and waste disposal. This is often due to a lack of infrastructure (power lines, water pipes, toilets and waste management facilities)
 * 2.
 * lack of proper sanitation
 * In a Kibera slum, Nairobi, Kenya, one toilet is shared by up to 1300 residents. Waste accumulates in the streets and rivers because of the lack of waste disposal facilities
 * 3.
 * Access to water
 * Access to water is irregular because the water piped into the slum is often diverted away by individual residents or private water companies to be sold for profit.
 * }
 * Access to water
 * Access to water is irregular because the water piped into the slum is often diverted away by individual residents or private water companies to be sold for profit.
 * }

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible" ! colspan="4" |
 * +Chapter 3 - 1 Why does Housing Shortage occur

Competing Land Use
! colspan="4" |
 * Point:
 * Competing land use may result in a housing shortage for cities
 * colspan="2" rowspan="4" |Map.jpg
 * Elaborate:
 * Land has many uses. Some uses of land include, residential, industrial, and recreational
 * Explain:
 * When land is dedicated to a specific use, it will be unavailable for another. This leads to stiff competition for land, which can result in insufficient land for residential purposes, which in turn causes housing shortages in cities
 * Example:
 * In Singapore, the government allocates 17% of land for residential purposes. Due to this, the land is unavailable to be used for other means, like commercial or industrial purposes. This leads to competition for land space. As the population increases, the demand for housing will also increase, but the land allocation is subject to the review of government policies. This may result in competition for land use and potentially housing shortage if the allocated land for housing decreases
 * When land is dedicated to a specific use, it will be unavailable for another. This leads to stiff competition for land, which can result in insufficient land for residential purposes, which in turn causes housing shortages in cities
 * Example:
 * In Singapore, the government allocates 17% of land for residential purposes. Due to this, the land is unavailable to be used for other means, like commercial or industrial purposes. This leads to competition for land space. As the population increases, the demand for housing will also increase, but the land allocation is subject to the review of government policies. This may result in competition for land use and potentially housing shortage if the allocated land for housing decreases
 * In Singapore, the government allocates 17% of land for residential purposes. Due to this, the land is unavailable to be used for other means, like commercial or industrial purposes. This leads to competition for land space. As the population increases, the demand for housing will also increase, but the land allocation is subject to the review of government policies. This may result in competition for land use and potentially housing shortage if the allocated land for housing decreases

Limited Land Supply

 * Point:
 * colspan="2" |Physical features and barriers such as seas, rivers, mountains, limit the amount of land that can be used for housing.
 * rowspan="3" |Shanghai.jpg
 * Elaborate:
 * colspan="2" |Cities have limited land supply. Furthermore, steep slopes to build housing are avoided because of their high construction cost.
 * Evidence:
 * colspan="2" |Singapore. Land area is 724.2 sq km (2018). There is also a limit on how much land can be reclaimed from the seas due to high cost and long time processes. Therefore, there may be insufficient land for housing in cities, especially those cities with small land areas, leading to housing shortage
 * }
 * Evidence:
 * colspan="2" |Singapore. Land area is 724.2 sq km (2018). There is also a limit on how much land can be reclaimed from the seas due to high cost and long time processes. Therefore, there may be insufficient land for housing in cities, especially those cities with small land areas, leading to housing shortage
 * }